Gum disease, or gingivitis, is a very common oral health condition and is particularly prevalent in the UK. According to NHS Choices, gum disease affects more than half the adult population to some degree, and most people have experienced it at least once in their life.

Gum disease is caused by a build-up of plaque on the teeth. The bacteria in the plaque irritate the gums, causing inflammation and swelling. These swollen and irritated gums bleed more easily when the teeth are brushed.

In fact, spitting blood into the sink may be the only sign that a person is suffering from gum disease. Other signs can include bad breath or a foul taste in the mouth. Gum disease is most likely to occur if an individual has poor oral hygiene, but it is also more common in smokers, people with diabetes and anyone with a weakened immune system, such as AIDS patients or those receiving chemotherapy.

Untreated gum disease can become more severe and develop into a condition called periodontitis or peridontal disease. If the bacterial plaque spreads below the gumline, the inflammation affects not only the gums, but also the jawbone and the ligaments that hold the teeth in place. If this is allowed to progress further, periodontitis can cause teeth to loosen or even fall out.

Signs of periodontitis include:

• Bad breath
• A foul taste in the mouth
• Receding gums
• Sensitive teeth
• Pus or painful abscesses
• Teeth becoming loose or falling out.

Preventing gum disease

To prevent gum disease and periodontitis, it is important that customers are aware of how to minimise the amount of plaque that builds up on their teeth. The best way to do this is to always practise good oral hygiene €“ brush teeth twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste, use a fluoride-based mouthwash, floss daily and visit the dentist as often as recommended (usually every six to 12 months).

Antiseptic products such as those containing chlorhexidine (e.g. Corsodyl mouthwash) may also be recommended to help treat gingivitis. If symptom-free, these should only be used on the recommendation of a dentist or doctor, as they can stain teeth.