This umbrella term applies to any condition that causes redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin layer of tissue that covers the front of the eye). Conjunctivitis is a common condition and often causes eyes to become itchy and watery, and to appear red and inflamed. Sufferers may complain of a gritty feeling or burning sensation in their eyes and may describe a sticky, yellow coating on their eyelashes when they wake in the morning. Anyone with the following symptoms should be referred to the pharmacist:

• Moderate or severe pain
• Light sensitivity
• Disturbed vision
• Intense redness in one or both eyes.

Common types of conjunctivitis include:

1. Infective €“ caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Viral infections may produce cold-like symptoms

2. Allergic €“ occurs as the result of an allergic reaction to substances like pollen or dust mites

3. Irritant €“ occurs as the eye comes into contact with substances that irritate the conjunctiva, such as shampoo, chlorinated water or smoke.

Treating conjunctivitis

Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis usually clears up on its own. However, OTC products (e.g. chloramphenicol, propamidine isethionate, dibromopropamidine) can be recommended when a bacterial infection is thought to be the cause. Brands include Brochlor, Brolene, Golden Eye and Optrex.

Viral conjunctivitis cannot be treated, but most infections run their course in four to seven days. For allergic conjunctivitis, sodium cromoglicate eye drops can be recommended. Products include Opticrom Allergy, Optrex Allergy and Otrivine Antistin eye drops.

Eye drops containing naphazoline help to alleviate redness by reducing the size of the blood vessels in the conjunctiva. These can be useful when the redness is caused by a temporary irritation. OTC products include Murine Irritation and Redness Relief, and Optrex Red Eyes.