Behaviour and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are in response to disease progression and associated with the death of brain cells, as well as the frustration at not being able to communicate or remember effectively. 

BPSD occurs in 95 per cent of people with dementia and includes the expression of delusions, hallucinations, agitation or aggression, depression, anxiety, elation or euphoria, apathy or indifference, disinhibition, irritation or lability, aberrant motor behaviour (wandering), night-time behaviour (also known as sundowning), and a change in eating habits.

Symptom management 

People who receive a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's will need early support and signposting to information resources for dementia care, as well as legal guidance (e.g. setting up advance directives and power of attorney). 

It is also important to educate people about the need to improve their cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health by eating healthily, exercising, stopping smoking, and doing activities that stimulate the brain and reduce social isolation. Evidence-based options include singing; learning a new language; dancing; gardening; completing jigsaws, crosswords and mind exercises; listening to music, and group exercise such as walking or playing table tennis.