These play a huge role in the management of low back pain. Providing information on the condition, and encouraging sufferers to continue with their usual activities – which may involve engaging in a return to work programme, where appropriate and available – should form the basis of all consultations. Exercise programmes, particularly in group formats, are also recommended by NICE. Psychological treatments based around CBT and manual therapy (spinal manipulation, mobilisation or soft tissue techniques such as massage) may be of benefit, but should only be offered as part of a holistic treatment package that includes the other self care measures. Acupuncture, electrotherapies such as TENS, traction and appliances such as orthotics and corsets are not recommended.

Additional actions that may help in sciatica cases include topical heat application to relieve pain and muscle spasm, and sleeping with pillows under the knees if lying on the back or with a cushion between the knees when lying on one side.