Vascular dementia 

Vascular dementia (VaD) is usually sudden in onset and then follows a stepwise progression, which includes periods of stability followed by sudden decline. There is often nocturnal confusion, the presence of depression and patchy cognitive impairment.

VaD is potentially preventable with the use of antiplatelets, warfarin or novel anticoagulants and controlling underlying hypertension, cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes. Statins have a role in lipid regulation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis (development) of dementia, and so may have a role in reducing incidence of VaD.

Dementia with Lewy bodies 

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) typically follows a progressive, fluctuating course and is delirium-like, with fluctuating periods of confusion and variations in attention and alertness. Visual hallucinations are common, as are Parkinsonian features such as rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) with repeated falls. People with DLB exhibit extreme sensitivity to antipsychotics, leading to a three-fold increase in mortality as they exacerbate both motor and cognitive disability, so these medications should be avoided completely if possible.